During her later period, she also explored industrial materials such as plexiglass, aluminum, and steel. Working in a male-dominated environment, her innovative pieces inspired many generations of installation and feminist authors. Distinguishing herself as a world-recognized sculptor in a period where female authors were rare, Barbara Hepworth was a pioneer of abstract sculpture. Best known for her biomorphic creations carved out of stone, she was inspired by her childhood fascination with organic systems and textures.
With a complex and multi-faceted sculptural vocabulary and ideas, she combined a wide range of physical materials showing an unprecedented sensitivity to their qualities. Investigation the absence in sculpture as much as the presence, she reflected the relationship between volume and space. Her abstract works were often created with hollow interior spaces that disrupt smooth surface textures. Over the course of her career, she moved from sculpting biomorphic forms to pure abstraction.
Combining clean lines of modernist aesthetics with more complicated textures, her work was described as sensuous and tactile. With simple and reduced forms and sleek appearance, his visionary sculptures aimed to reveal hidden truths. Pioneering the technique of direct carving , he paid close attention to his mediums. Often regarded as the father of modern British sculpture, Henry Moore was best known for his semi-abstract monumental bronze sculptures located all around the world as public works of art.
His recurring motifs were the mother and child and the reclining figure. Being fascinated with landscape and nature, he drew analogies between the human body and the landscape through the use of abstract forms. Using the technique of direct carving , he mainly focused on materials such as stone and wood. A key figure in contemporary sculpture for half a century, Anthony Caro explored all the possibilities of three-dimensional abstraction. Using a variety of materials from wood to rope, he created monumental pieces that were architectural in both form and scale.
Though some of his work adheres to a rigid, rational geometry, his characteristic sculptures suggest lyrical movement, apparent weightlessness, improvisation, and chance. Breaking new ground with abstract works in metal, his sculptures were displayed without plinths, directly on the floor.
The omission of the pedestal was a radical shift at the time, changing the dynamics between art and the viewer. Publishing the Realist Manifesto of Constructivism , Gabo and his brother Antoine Pevsner, advocated that art had a value and function independent of the state and that geometric principles should be the basis for sculpture. Using transparent materials to define volumes of empty space, he broke solids into interlocking planes, lines, and geometric shapes.
He mostly used glass, metal, and plastic to create his abstract and architectural pieces. His transformative approach to sculpture and a visual language coincided with society and humanity.
A father of mobiles , Alexander Calder completely changed the course of modern art. His kinetic sculptures were made out of flat metal pieces connected by a wire that moved delicately in the air.
Later relying only on slight air currents , mobiles were randomly arranged and rearranged in space by chance. Embodying the notion of the movement , mobiles also invited the viewer to interact with them. Having a leading role in both Minimalism and Conceptual art , Sol LeWitt is known for his geometrical sculptures , but also wall drawings, structures, painting and conceptual pieces. Establishing an original radical aesthetics of the s, he believed that the idea or concept are the most important aspect of the work.
Placing a great emphasis on concepts and systems and reducing art production to its essentials, he used simplified shapes applied to his own formulae resembling mathematical equations.
Often providing an assistant or a group of assistants with vague direction for producing the work of art he previously conceived, he believed the end result should not be completely controlled by the artist challenging fundamental beliefs about art.
His emphasis was mostly on the process and materials, rather than creating a specific narrative with his work. French-born American sculptor, painter, and printmaker, Louise Bourgeois was the founder of confessional art. Initially associated with Surrealism, she often integrated fantastic elements into her art. Revolving around themes of unconscious, sexuality and the body, her pieces were often brooding and sexually explicit in their subject matter. Her sculptural vocabulary was highly personal and symbolized the feminine psyche, beauty, and psychological pain.
Her work adopted objects such as spirals, spiders, cages or medical tools. Her exploration of femininity and masculinity has influenced many authors since the s, especially feminist-inspired body and installation artists. The research into different tools, formats, methods of production, and embrace of a new concept for the produced work of art shaped both paintings and sculpture. The impact of the early 20th-century authors and their rebellious and revolutionary ideas, after the World War II, continued to be reshaped allowing the sculpture to take an array of different forms.
The purist Minimalism embraced the use of industrial materials and joined with the above-mentioned ideas there was no end to what can be sculpture and more importantly where it could be made. Famous sculptors such as Richard Serra , Robert Smithson , Christo and Jeanne Claude , and presently the legendary Anish Kapoor , gave to us a new concept of site-specific, environmental art, land art, that completely changed our perceptions of where the space of production is and what is sculpture.
The research into the notion of the ephemeral and into the ideas of the fusion of various art disciplines, along with the research into a new understanding of the surrounding stand at the core of sculptural production today. The rise of technology has only opened up new dimensions and yet again new ideas of resources artists can use to challenge the notion what is an artwork. The present time, which allows for the constant questioning and critical reflection, is a rich ground for abstraction and for figuration art at the same time.
Anything goes and as such often art seems to go quite far and sculpture, with its side that even enters the robotic world , has fully paid respect to the humble beginnings of assemblage art.
If you are in love with sculpture then this book is one of the best recommendations out there. Taking produced and created artworks out of the context of museum objects, it provides not only the history of the various concepts but offers an insight into various approaches made by the famous sculptors for reaching such goals. The knowledge about abstract sculpture is here explained by allowing the reader a clear path of how one got there. All images used for illustrative purposes only. Featured image: Damian Ortega - Controller of the Universe.
Image via www. Image via wikimedia. Image via wallpaper. Colour field painting —s : Another form of abstract expressionism, the colour field painters produced simple compositions made out of large soft-edged areas of colour with no obvious focus of attention, with the aim of producing a meditational response in the viewer.
Post-painterly abstraction s : This form of abstraction focused more than ever before on the basic elements of painting: form, colour, texture, scale, composition and were ruthless in their rejection of mysticism and of any reference to the external world. Hard edge painting s : Seen as a subdivision of post-painterly abstraction this style of hard-edged geometric abstraction reacted to the more gestural forms of abstract expressionism by only using monochromatic fields of clean-edged colour which reinforced the flatness of the picture surface.
Op art s : Seen as a subdivision of post-painterly abstraction this style of hard-edged geometric abstraction reacted to the more gestural forms of abstract expressionism by only using monochromatic fields of clean-edged colour which reinforced the flatness of the picture surface.
Cubist and fauvist artists depended on the visual world for their subject matter but opened the door for more extreme approaches to abstraction. A pioneer of abstract sculpture, which took reference from the modern world was the Russian constructivist Naum Gabo.
Susan Holtham and Fiontan Moran. Julia Voss. Wassily Kandinsky is generally regarded as the pioneer of abstract art. However, a Swedish woman called Hilma af Klint — …. There are many theoretical ideas behind abstract art.
The idea, derived from the ancient Greek philosopher Plato, that the highest form of beauty lies not in the forms of the real world but in geometry, is also used in discussion of abstract art, as is the idea that abstract art, since it does not represent the material world, can be seen to represent the spiritual. Does this text contain inaccurate information or language that you feel we should improve or change? We would like to hear from you. Gavin Delahunty. The curator of the forthcoming exhibition by the German abstract painter introduces her work, and a fellow artist pays homage.
Catherine Spencer. Cubism was a revolutionary new approach to representing reality invented in around —08 by artists Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. Name given by the Russian artist Kasimir Malevich to the abstract art he developed from characterised by basic geometric …. Constructivism was a particularly austere branch of abstract art founded by Vladimir Tatlin and Alexander Rodchenko in Russia around An early form of abstract art characterised by interacting linear forms derived from rays of light.
Term invented by artist Robert Delaunay to describe the abstract painting developed by him and his wife Sonia Delaunay from …. Term used to describe the non-geometric abstract art that developed in Europe in the s and s characterized by spontaneous …. Neo-plasticism is a term adopted by the Dutch pioneer of abstract art, Piet Mondrian, for his own type of abstract …. Concrete art is abstract art that is entirely free of any basis in observed reality and that has no symbolic ….
The term objective abstraction refers to a non-geometric style of abstract art developed by a group of British artists in ….
Abstract expressionism is the term applied to new forms of abstract art developed by American painters such as Jackson Pollock, …. Minimalism is an extreme form of abstract art developed in the USA in the s and typified by artworks composed …. Post-painterly abstraction is a blanket term covering a range of new developments in abstract painting in the late s and ….
Op art was a major development of painting in the s that used geometric forms to create optical effects. Non-objective art defines a type of abstract art that is usually, but not always, geometric and aims to convey a …. Art informel is a French term describing a swathe of approaches to abstract painting in the s and s which …. Also known as art informel, art autre translates as 'art of another kind' and was used to describe the dominant ….
Gestural is a term used to describe the application of paint in free sweeping gestures with a brush. In art, automatism refers to creating art without conscious thought, accessing material from the unconscious mind as part of the …. American Abstract Artists AAA is an organisation founded in to promote the appreciation of abstract art in the United …. De Stijl was a circle of Dutch abstract artists who promoted a style of art based on a strict geometry ….
Formed in London in The Seven and Five Society was initially a traditional group and can be seen as …. Bauhaus was a revolutionary school of art, architecture and design established by Walter Gropius at Weimar in Germany in Explore how geometric abstraction fabricated dreams of a new society in the twentieth century.
Be mesmerised by the kaleidoscopic paintings of the international female artist, Fahrelnissa Zeid. Main menu additional Become a Member Shop. Art Term Abstract art Abstract art is art that does not attempt to represent an accurate depiction of a visual reality but instead use shapes, colours, forms and gestural marks to achieve its effect. Twitter Facebook Email Pinterest. Selected artists working with abstraction Left Right.
Piet Mondrian — Tate Etc. The first abstract artist? Fahrelnissa Zeid — Wassily Kandinsky — Georges Braque Bottle and Fishes c. Pablo Picasso — Dame Barbara Hepworth — David Bomberg — Naum Gabo — Ben Nicholson OM —
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